• Extent of Ore Prereduction in Pilot-scale Production of High Carbon Ferromanganese 

      Mukono, Tichaona; Gjøvik, Jonas Einan; Gaertner, Heiko; Wallin, Maria; Ringdalen, Eli; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Three pilot-scale experiments have been conducted at SINTEF/NTNU in a 440 kVA AC electric furnace to demonstrate the process operation, energy requirements and CO2 emissions in the production of high carbon ferromanganese ...
    • Ferromanganese Production from Pretreated Manganese Ores: From Laboratory scale to Pilot scale 

      Mukono, Tichaona (Doctoral theses at NTNU;2023:25, Doctoral thesis, 2023)
      The production of high carbon ferromanganese (HCFeMn) alloys is an energy intensive process where manganese ores are smelted in a submerged arc furnace (SAF) using carbon reductants thereby generating CO2 emissions. In the ...
    • Phase Distribution During Slag Formation in Mn Ferroalloy Production 

      Mukono, Tichaona; Wallin, Maria; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Phase development during slag formation and reduction of Comilog and Assmang ores in a setup that simulates the conditions in an industrial SAF process under different coke bed temperatures, 1473 K (1200 °C), 1673 K (1400 ...
    • Prereduction Behavior of Manganese Ores With Solid Carbon and in CO/CO<inf>2</inf> Gas Atmosphere 

      Mukono, Tichaona; Reiersen, Henrik Stensdal; Schanche, Trygve Lindahl; Wallin, Maria; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The prereduction reactions in the submerged arc furnace (SAF) are highly decisive of the total carbon, and energy consumption of the ferromanganese process. Therefore, understanding the dependency of prereduction behavior ...
    • Slag Reduction and Viscosities Interaction in Ferromanganese Process 

      Mukono, Tichaona; Wallin, Maria; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Slag reduction and viscosity are closely related in the practical operation of a submerged arc furnace for ferromanganese (FeMn) production. The viscosity of slag is dependent on temperature and its composition, and ...